Indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) provides improved imaging of choroidal vasculature compared to fluorescein angiography. Because of the excitation and emission properties of indocyanine green (excitation at 790 nm and emission at 835 nm) pathologies involving retinal and choroidal vascular system can be imaged even in the presence of sub-retinal or sub-retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) fluid, hemorrhage, or pigment that may obscure the view to the retina or choroid.
ICGA is a safe and important imaging modality that offers a better view of the choroidal vasculature and related pathologies. Although no longer used as often as before in managing exudative AMD, ICGA is still helpful in guiding the treatment of PCV and CSC and diagnosing choroidal hemangiomas and ocular inflammations primarily affecting the choroid.
